After sentencing, the appropriate handling of an individual should be based on which factors?

• A. crime and attitude
• B. risk and needs assessment
• C. risk and needs
• D. family and associates

Answer: (C)

The main idea being tested is that post-sentencing management should be guided by the individual's risk of reoffending and their criminogenic needs. This means focusing on factors that drive criminal behavior and that can be changed through intervention, rather than only on the crime committed or personal attitudes. Using risk assessments helps determine how much supervision and what level of security or programming is appropriate, while addressing criminogenic needs targets the dynamic factors most linked to reoffending, such as substance use, antisocial behavior, employment, and social influences. This approach aligns resources with the level of risk and the specific needs that, when treated, reduce the likelihood of future offenses. The other options miss the essential point: focusing solely on the crime or attitude ignores modifiable risk factors, and focusing only on family or associates doesn’t capture the full range of changeable drivers of criminal behavior.